Coking retort oven



Apri; 3f w28. 1,664,633

N. GAEARRY COKING RETORT OVEN P A- atentedA 29 91 med sept. e. 1921 :Y 3Smalme 6 Patented Apr. 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NATHANIEL G. PARRY, OF PIT" SBU GH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THEKOPPEBB COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OFPENNSYLVANIA.

COKING RETORT OVEN.

Application led September This invention comprehends improvements ofgeneral utility in the. cokiiig retort oven art; and also compreliemlscertain iinproveineuts especially applicable to eoking retort ovens ofthe well-known cross regenerative type exemplitied in the patent to li.Koppers No. 818.033, dated April 17, 190i?, and in the patent to JosephBecker No. 1,374,546. dated April 12, 1921.

The invention has for objects the provision of a coking retortovendiaviug, as important characteristics: a flue constructioi'i thatcontemplates the entire elimination of the usual horizontal or bus iluesthat are located at the top of the vertical flame ilues and connect aplurality of said vertical ilues with each other; and, as a feature thatmay be secured by the above structural improvements, a novel system ofcontrol of theI flow through the flame tlues of the heating walls,Jermitting tltiW in the saine direction throng all the flame fiues ofeach heating wall, with the result that all the flame fines of eachheating Wall are either simultaneously `burnin or simultaneouslyoperating as out-tiow fines for carrying away the waste gases to outtiowoperating regenerators.

The above stated elimination of the horizontal flucs is an importantadvantage fo.` the reason that it enables a considerable thickening andstrengthening of the walls of the oven structure in the region locatedat the upper extremity of the vertical flame tlucs. Moreover', theimproved construction of the invention permits an increase of the heightof the flame fines, with a corresponding increase in the height of thecoking chambers, so that the latte may be made narrower in width, adevelopment greatly facilitating the eoking of high volatile coals. yethaving adequate provision for taking care of the increasedl volume ofcombustion products, without making it necessary t'o provide fluo spacesof sizes inconsistent with adequate strength of the wall construction.The flue construction of the invention is furthermore of greatimportance in oven batteries tired with cxtraneously derived gas, suchas producer gas. sine@ the employment of such gas results in anincreased volume of combtuion products and adequate flue spaces must beprovided to collect and feed to the down-flow operating fines thisincreased volume of combustion products. By the invention, the iueconstruction may be 6, 1921. Serial No. 498,872.

adequately accommodated to such increased volume of combustion products,without introducing elements of weakness into the Wall structure.

In addition to the ob'ects recited above, the invention comprehen s anovel regenerator construction and system of flow therethrough and throuh the lues, promoting uniformity of distribution, and has for otherobjects such other improvements and advantages in construction andoperation as are found to obtain in the structures and deviceshereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompan ing drawin s, forming a part of this speciilbation, ands owin for purposes of exemplifica'tion, a pre erred form and manner inwhich the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limitingthe claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a composite crosswise vertical section through acoke ovenbattery embodying features above specified and equipped with theimprovements of the invention, the view being taken longitudinallythrough a heating wall and a pair of regenerators in planes indicated bythe lines D-D and E E of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a composite vertical sectional elevation taken longitudinallyof the coke oven battery, in planes indicated by the lines A-A, B-B andC-C of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a com osite horizontal section taken in planes indicated bythe lines G-G, ll-H and K--K of Fig. 2.

The saine characters of reference designate the same parts in each ofthe several views of the drawings.

In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the invention isincorporated in a combination eoking oven battery, i. e., a batteryhaving provision for being operated either with producer gas as the fuelor with coke oven gas burned in an atmosphere of ordinary preheated air,such as is utilized in an ordinary coke oven, or with coke oven gaslburned in an atmosphere containing both air and a neutral gaseousdiluent Which is introduced into the flame tlues separately from theair. A combination coke oven battery having such features is describedand claimed in the co-pending application of Joseph Becker for LettersPatent of the United States for a coking retort oven, filed April 28,l1920, Serial No. 376,126. For con- 4ovens or coking chambers andvenienee, the present description will be confined to the presentillustrative embodiment of the invention in such a combination ovenbattery; the novel features and improvements of the invention are,however, capable of other applications, such for example, to ordinaryso-called coke ovens employing coke oven gas the fuel, or to ordinarysocalled gas ovens employing an extraneously derived gas, such asproducer gas, as the fuel; hence the scope of the invention is notconfined to the specific use and specific embodiment herein described asan illustrative example.

Referring to the drawings: there are illustrated views of a coke ovenbattery or plant of the by-product type, having features abovespecified, said oven battery embodying in its construction a pluralityof cross-` wise elongated heating walls, 11, 11 and a plurality ofintermediate crosswise elongated vertical coking chambers 12, 12, theheating Walls 11 forming the side walls of the reipective cokingchambers 12, as shown in igs. 2 and 3, and, together with the cokingchambers, are supported. by the heavy supporting or illar walls 13, 13which extend crosswise ofD the battery and are located, as shown, inFig. 2, beneath the respective coking chambers 12, 12. These pillarwlalls,col lectively form the main support for the entire superstructureof the oven battery and are themselves supported upon a flat mat orplatform which constitutes the subfoundation on which the entire batteryrests.

The coal to be coked is charged into the several coking chambers orovens through charging holes 14, located in the top 15 of the batteryand positioned directly above the ovens or chambers 12, as shown in Fig.2. These charging holes 14 are equipped with the usual removable covers,which are removed Aduring charging of the individual are placed 1nposition to close the tops of such coking chambers during the entirecoking tir distilling operation. The gases of distilliition pass fromthe. tops of the several coking chambers through the usual gas outlets.yand thence through ascension pipes (not shown) into the usual gascollecting main which carries the distillation products to the byproductrecovery apparatus.

Heat for coking the charges of coal in the several ovens or chambers 12is derived from the heating Walls 11, which, as above mentioned, extendcrosswise of the battery at the sides of ,the coking chambers. Eachheating wall 11 is constituted of a plurality of flame or combustionfiues 17. The Haine Hues of each heating wall are, in accordance withthe invention, operatively disposed into a single series, that is to sayall of the flues of each lyeating Wall operate concurrently as 11p-Howor down-flow fines as will be hereinafter more fully explained. Theheating walls moreover, are grouped into pairs L of adjacent heatingwalls, which alternatewith intermediate pairs M of such heating walls.lVhen the ilame l'lues ot' the alternate pairs L are burning, that is to.say operating for up-tlow. the flame tiues of the intermediate pairs Mof the heating walls are operating for down-How, to permit exhaust ofthe waste gases.

The crosswise regenerators 1S of the retort oven or battery are locatedat a lower level than the aforesaid heating walls 11 and coking chambers12, and, in the present instance, extend in parallelism between thepillar walls 13. Located in the middle lengthwise vertical plane of thebattery, is a vertical partition 19, as shown in Fig. 1, which partitionextends all the way up from the mat of the battery to the bottom of theoverlying heating wall and from one to the other of the pillar walls 13.r1`he regenerators, which are respectively located on opposite sides ofthe battery extend inwardly to said partition 1i) and are separatedthereby as clearly shown in Fig. l. This arrangement permits controlfrom opposite sides of the battery of t-he flow through theregenerators, thereby assisting the novel tine arra Yement in promotinguniformity in distrliliiution.

Each regenerator 18 is a chamber containing open briekwork,eomn1onlycalled checker work, and indicated at 20, with a distributing sqlechannel 21 underneath such checkerwork the channels forming the'soles ofsuch chambers and opening up into the checker work.` The regeneratorsare heated in alternation by the hot combustion products that draw offfrom the flame or combustion flues hereinbefore mentioned and thenimpart such heat to the medium that they feed into these tiues.

In accordance with the invention. the series of regenerators on theopposite sides of the aforesaid central partition 19 are rcspectivelygrouped into pairs L of alternate regenerators corresponding to tht`airs L of alternate heating Walls. and into p irsI M of intermediatei'ege'nerators corresponding to the pairs M of intermediate heatingwalls. Each regenerator is provided with a series of ducts 23 havingforked flow connections 24, all of which lead respectively to individualtiame Hues 17 of both heating walls of the pair corresponding to suchregenerator. "ith this construction, each flame flue 17 of each heatingwall is communicably connected by ducts with lioth adjacent separateregenerators of its corresponding pair,

vthe flow through the conununicahly connected regenerators beingmaintained concurrently in the same direction as the How through thefines.

In the present embodiment of the inven- -ttl tion, the entire. series ofllame flues 17 of each heating wall 11 is either burning or operatingfor down-flow to cons vey waste products to the regenerators heneath andconsequently the regenerators aligned on opposite sides ot the centrallongitudinal partition 19 operate concurrently t'or flow in the samedirection and in the same manner. The reversal in How through the flues17 on opposite Sides of a coking chamber and their` communieably connected regenerators may thus be said yto take place longitudinally ofthe, battery, instead ot' transversely thereof as has heretofore been acommon practice in this art.. The reversal ot' the oven is etl'ccted atthe end ot an operating period determined by practice and by means ofany preferred type ot' reversing mechanism. The function of .suchreversal is as follows: The regenerators that prior to the'reversaloperated as in-tlow regenerators become out-flow regenerators. and theout-flow operating regenerators become iii-flow operating regenerators.The 11p-burning series of flues switches function with the down-burningseries of flues and the supply of gas is turned ott trom the previously11p-burning flues and turned on into the mains of the previouslydownburning fines.

As shown. in Figs. 1 and 2, the series of flues of each heating wall arerespectively grouped into pairs N of adjacent. flues, and

the separating walls which are between the two members of tho respectivepairs of such fluestermmate below the top ot'the flues. therebvproviding out-How passage-ways 26 efor the exhaust of the productsofcombustion from the flames within the flues. The several separatingwalls E25. which are constituted ot' the usual bottle bricks, areprovided with a plurality of. in the present instance three` verticalout-flow channels 27. communicably connected at their tops with the.respective passage-ways 26. and leading downwardlyv and respectivelyopening into cross' ducts' 28. These cross ducts 28 extend beneath thecoking chambers 12 and' function to connect the Several passage-ways 27of both members of the pairs` of alternate heating walls 11 respectivelywith the two members-.ol` the two intermediate pairs` M ot heating Wallswhich are located on tho opposite side of the said alternato pairs L ofheating walls. Thus the entire flow from the heating wall. within thetlues ot which combustion is bcing maintained. passes into thepassage-ways .26 ot' the pairsl of flues N. thence downward ly throng'Athe vertical channels 27 of the bottle bricks. thence. under anadjoining coltingl chamber through ducts Q8 to the vertical channels 27olI an adjacent heating wall. thence up through said channels 27 to thepassage-ways 2G. and thence downwardly through the out-flow operatingflues 17 to the out-flow operating regenerators with which such tluesare connected.

The draft through the flues 17 may be regulated by means ot' the usualmovable dampers or .sliding bricks 29 located in the passage-ways 26 ofthe respective filles. 'l`hese slidingr bricks may be reached by access'llues vti which extend from the passage- \va vs :Z6 iu each heating wallto the top of thv.` battery. there heilig an access tlue o- .sitionedover each tlame or combustion ne ol' each heating wall.

llxtendiag erosswis-e of the batteryy and located beneath the heatingwall t1 thereabove is a pair of gas supply channels it andI 3'?. Thesechannels` ill and :i2 are tor the purpose ot' .sulndyingl colte oven gasto the several llame tluefs matheoppositesidefofthecentrall' partition1t). and for this purpose. the ibannel ll communicates with theindividual titles 85 17 on one side ot' .said partition 19 by means: ofducts Stil that lead trom such channel ill individuall \v into thebottom.s ot' indiv? tlues: and the channel 53:2 which .supplier .severaltlues that are located on the other .side ol' the bel'oresi'uentiourdpartition if) communicates with ,said flu-1-` io' means oi' similarlvconnecting ducts, ll'itliin the .ser eral ducts are disposed the usualnozzles 3ft. 'l`he .supplyv ot colte oven gas` to the efipef. tivechannels` Ill and :l2 is derbed from coke oven gas mains ol` the usualtyp= and respee tivelv located on opposite .sides ol' the hals tery andextending longitudinally there along. Suitable means is provided for adsmilling' or cutting oll' the suppl)Y ol' gas' with respect lo each pairof channels ill and 25:3, it being' understood that the gas .supply iseither concurrently maintained in or roncurrentlv sluit otlI from bothchannels o: ai pair. For operating the batter)l alte 'itat i\e l v withuse ot' a special generator gas. such as' producer gas. as the fuel. oneregcnerator of each iii-tlow operating pair. such as the regenerator l)ot' the pair l/ ma'v he optionu all v connected with a producer gasmain. b v mechanism such as is disclosed in the beforementionedapplication ot` .loseph Berker. Ses rial No. 376.1136. .so that' theprod lcer gas may he directed into such of the rcgencra`A torsI l as'are operating l'or inflow and conveyed through these regenerators intoburning flame tlues 17.

rl`he operation of the retort oven or oat4 tery. when employing aspecial generator gas. such as ordinary producer gas. as' the l'uel, isasfollows: The supply of coke oven gas' to the coke oven gas main and toall of the colte oven gas' channelsl Ill. 32. is cut otl. supply ofproducer gas is permitted to low into one regenerator l of the in-tlowoperating pairs. ,such as the pair L'. laaeing; through .saidrcgenerators. tbe prodae;` gas is preheated before being delivered intothe burning tlamc tlues. During the iii-flow tte liu

of producer gas into such regenerators P, air flows into the otherregeneratdrs A of said in-tiow operating pairs L and passing throughsaid regenerators is preheated prior to its delivery into the burningflame flues, such as the Haine tlues L of the pairs of alternate heatingwalls. In the thune tlues of the intermediate pairs of heating walls Mand in the intermediate pairs of regenerators M down-flow is maintained,the flame tlues of the walls M receiving the waste gases from thebefore-mentioned channels 27 and cross ducts 28. On reversal of the flowthe inflow operating regenerators and tlues become out-flow regeneratorsand fines and concurrently the out-flow regenerators and flues becomein-tlow regenerators and tiucs.

In operating the battery with coke oven gas in the ordinary manner, thesupply of producer gas to alternate regenerators I) is cut ott and airis permitted to'tlow into such regenerators in place of the producergas. During colte oven gas operation a supply of coke oven gas ismaintained in thc channels tt and S2 which feed the lip-burning tlues.'l`he reversing mechanism is operated at each reversal to place each ofthe in-tlow operating rcgenerators; in communication with the outer airand concurrently all of the out-flow operating regenerators lV incommunication with the exhaust. A further mode of operation is with cokeoven gas as the fuel combined u ith a supply of a neutral gaseousdiluent to the tip-burning flues, In so operating the battery, thesupply of producer gas is cut otl' and the supply of coke oven gas isturned on. Instead, however, of permitting air to tiow into regeneratorsof the series P, waste gas is permitted to flow into .such regeneratorsand be delivered thereby to the updiurning flame tlues. The admissioninto each ot the lip-burning vfines of a supply of neutral gaseousdiluent, such as waste gas. is etfective to lengthen greatly the flameswithin such fines and to prevent the localization ot' the hottest flametcmperature in the extreme lower portions of the tlues.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied iu a particular formof construction but may be variously embodied within the seopekottclaims hereinafter made.

I claim:

l. In a eokingretort oven, in combination: a pluralily of eokingchambers: heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers andrespeetively constituted of vertical combustion flues disposed intopairs: vertical out-flow channels in each heating wall connnunicablyconnected with a pair ot combustion tlues: duct means extended beneaththe coking chambers, said duct means coimnunicably connecting theindividual vertical out-flow channels of one heating wall respectivelywith the individual vertical out-How channels of an adjacent heatingwall; and cross-wise regenemtors parallel with the colting chambers andthe heating walls, such regcnerators bcing disposed into in-tlow andoutttow operating pairs; each rcgenerator ot each pair beingcommunicably connected with the combustion flues of a pair otI adjacentheating walls; substantially as specitied,

2. In a coking retort oven, in combination; a plurality of cokingchambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers andrespectively constituted of vertical combustion tlues; vertical out-flowchannels in each heating wall connnunicably connected with saidcombustion tlues; duct means extended beneath the coking chambers, saidduct means communicably connecting the individual out-flow channels ofone heating wall respectively with the individual vertical out-Howchannels of an adjacentheating wall; and cross-wise regeneratorsparallel with the coking chambers and the heating walls, suchregenerators being disposed into in-tlow and out-flow operating pairs;each regenerator of each pair being communicably connected with thecombustion fines of a pair of adjacent heating walls; substantially asspecified.

3. In a Cokin y retort oven. in combination: a plurality o cokingchambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers, respectivelyconstituted of vertical combustion tlues; vertical out-flow channels ineach heating wall communicably connected with said combustion flues;duct means extended beneath the coking chambers, said duct meanscommunicably connecting the individual vertical outflow channels of oneheating wall respectively with the individual vertical out-flow channelsof an adjacent heating wall: and regcnerators communicably connectedwith said combustion tiues; substantially as specified.

4. In combination with theI coking chambers of a coke oven battery,heating Walls respectively constituting two opposite side walls of therespective coking chambers, said heating walls comprising verticalcombustion t'lues. the fl'ues of the heating walls being connmmicablyconnected directly with each other at one of their ends by duct meanseX- tended respectively beneath and across the intervening eokingchambers. and reversible regenerators connected with said filles attheir other ends: substantially as specified.

5. In a coli-ing retort oven. in combination: a series ot alternatehorizontal rotting chambers and heating walls therefor: said heatingywalls respectively comprisingr vertical combustion lines: verticaloutflow channels eommunicably connected with said combustion fines:duct` means extending beneath the coking chambers,'said duct meanscornmunicably connecting transversely of the in- :rreaing eohingehainhers the vertical out e? ehi ,ifs at' alternate heating walls'ft-sith thel reresponiling vertical out-flow handels el' intermediateheating walls rea-eiivei; .uid @ross-wists regenerators comnmtnirrilnironiaeeted with the tlues of said tearing wallet; wil 'tantiailv aespeeitied.

L in ay rotting retort. oven, in eombinaf a sra-ies ot' alti-mateeolring eharnhers and hee-.tine` walls' therei'err Stitl heating wallsresiiafcstivt fr -tfomprising vertical conn tation flue-,54: duet. meansextending beneath 'the eelziiig eliainhers and Communie-ably enneetingtrattare lly of the intervening eoliing ehainhers one of the ends ot'the tlues et' the alternate heating walls Vith one of the ends of thetlues ot the intermediate heating wallsv respeetively, and regeneratorseiinimnnieahly eonneeted Awith the other ot @he ende: of the tlues ofsaid heating walls; Vahstantially as speeitied.

'il'. ln a eoliing retort oven, in eomhinaron: a seriesy et alternatehorimintal eoking :intere and heating elafnhers tlwretor, heaineeiniinliew respeetively compris'- ia-j vertaal etmihustion tlnes: saidheating ntieis, heilig disposed into adjoining i; it

if haring the eoniaistion fines et a g elzamher remmunieahly eonneeted:t one en-:l thereot' with the eomlaistion fines vt an adjaeeul heating(thaniher at one end l the latter linea: and erossvwse regener- :ztorzsparallel with the eolting ehamhers and heating ehamhers saidregenerators hedispostal inte in (low pairs; and outflow )t i the otherends, el said romhustion the: et adiaeent heatingr ehamhers of said-fiirninini p nrsv ot heating rhamhers Cone Winterling with iaithrewnerators of the fsazea l regenerate ,fuhstantially as ing retortofen. in combinac alternate eel-:ing eliamliers ltiti n serle (itltr-ating weils therefor; said heating oustion tlues; outflow channelsin each heat ing Wall substantially parallel thereto communieahlyconnected with said combustion tlues in the same wall therewith; theoutflow channels in one heating wall being paired and eommunieating withthe outflow channels respectivelyr in the heating wall on the oppositeside ot' a contiguous eoliing eliamher by a plurality erossing undersaid contiguousl eoliingehanh her, said duets being respectivelyindividual to eaeh of the pairs ot' paired outflow ehannels.

9. ln a coke oven battery, in eomhination: a series ot' alternate eoking'hamhersY and heating walls therefor, each of said heating wallseomprising vertical eomhnstion tlues, a pluralitv of duet means in eaehof said heating walls, the titles of eaeh heating wall heing disposedinto pairs eaeh et which pairs is individual to aml eommunieates withone ot' said duet means in the same wall therewith and at the upper endeof the tiues, eaeh of said duct meansl in one heating wall heiligindividual to and rommunieating` with one ot' said duet means in anotherheating wall hy duety means passing heneath an intervening r-ekingehamher; and reversi hle regenerators respectively ronneeted with theothers ends otl the pairs ot' tluesf lt). In a reke oven batterv` ineomhination: a series of alternate eolt'ing rhamhersand heating wallstherefor, eaeh et' said heating walls comprising vertical eomhustiontlues, the ripper ends of the tlues in one of said heating walls heingeemmunieahly eonneeted with the upper ends` et the tlue in another ot'.said heatingwalls h' duety means passing heneath an intervening eeltingehamher: and reversihle regeneratorsl eonneeted with the other ends olsaid tlnes.

In testimony whereof I atiix my signature this Qt'ith day of August,l92l.

NATHANmL o. PARRY.

ot erossunder duets

